Scripted Services - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 529 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? 1. ) In my opinion, scripted service speech and behavior are best described by the scientific management approach. The scientific method recommends studying and testing different work techniques to recognize the best, most efficient ways to complete a job. The four principles on which scientific management is based on are listed below a. Study each element of work to determine the â€Å"one best way† to do it. b. Scientifically select, train, teach and develop workers to reach their full potential. c. Cooperate with employees to ensure implementation of the scientific principles. d. Divide the work and the responsibility equally between management and workers. Scientific method focuses on improving the efficiency of manufacturing facilities and their workers. Scripted service speech and scripted employee behavior is developed by studying response and behavioral reactions of a target audience. In these observational experiments, it is necessary to create a similar environment and record positive and negative behaviors to draw a favorable conclusion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Scripted Services" essay for you Create order To maintain competitive advantage, these practices need constant improvement by developing, analyzing and implementing efficient results. 2. ) Yes, I do implement a customer encounter script at my bakery. Human behavior is often influenced by social norms. Whether good or bad, attitudes, body language, communication skills can all be perceived differently by different individuals. In a consumer based business environment it is critical for the business owner to be able to meet the needs of almost every client who walks in. From the moment the client enters the door, walks through the process of making a selection and having his need met promptly while feeling valued and appreciated would be an ideal environment. In order for me to be able to create that ideal environment, I would implement a scripted speech and expect scripted behavior from my associates. As a manager, I have come to understood every individual brings their own personality into a professional role. With a scripted speech and behavior in place, it makes the expectations of the job function a bit easier to flow. Not every individual is equipped to be an efficient performer or flawless. With a script in place, it makes it easier to mold the behavior of employees to perform and create that ideal environment. 3. ) The script I would implement would be as follows: e. Make eye contact and greet the client by saying â€Å"Welcome to Frosted Dreams Bakery. We’re glad that you came in today† f. Hand the client the menu and mention the specials for the day within four minutes. g. In three minutes ask them â€Å"Did you need help in making a selection or we would be more than happy to customize your order† h. Once the choice is made, try to have the order processed by the assigned employee in the kitchen in no more than 5 minutes. If more time is required, inform the client courteously â€Å"would it be ok if your order is ready in ____ minutes†. i. If the client agrees to wait, let them know â€Å"we appreciate their patience†. j. If the client declines or responds negatively, promptly offer â€Å" I will be more than happy to help you make a different selection promptly†. Repeat step â€Å"d† k. Once the order is ready

Eating Disorders And Eating Disorder - 1104 Words

Eating disorder is a serious problem happens in both men and women. Eating disorder is a sort of disease in which a person is having a strange routine of eating like consuming a huge amount of food each time they eat. This can incorporate not eating enough nourishment or indulging. Eating disorder influence many people around the world. The larger part of peoples who are dealing with this issue are ladies. A person with eating disorder issue may focus nonsensically on their weight and shape. Eating issues can bring about genuine wellbeing issues. This system will offer you some assistance with understanding two eating issues: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It likewise examines conceivable causes, complexities, and treatment choices for eating disorder. Eating disorder is a disease which can happen to anyone but most commonly found in teen and adults. Eating disorder can occur in any phase of life. I am really great full to internet for this guidance. Eating disorder problems are emotional well-being issues where somebody encounters issues with their body weight and shape, and participates in conduct which will bother their regular eating routine and state of mind for instance controlling the measure of nourishment they eat. The most recognized Eating disorder issues are Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa which is also known as anorexia is an issue in which a man is continually having a fear of putting on weight. Those who are suffering fromShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Today’s World Eating disorders are alive and well in today’s world and they are a major problem. An eating disorder can look like a few different things, ranging from a severe reduction of food intake to over eating to feelings of negativity towards your body shape or weight (Lehigh University). While some disorders can only be found in specific age groups, races, etc., eating disorders can be found amongst all and it does not necessarily have to be pointed towards food (LehighRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pagesas an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their life. It is important to know the influences that cause an individual to experience an eating disorder. Genetically, or environmentally, or both genetically and environmentally. Anorexia ner vosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are eatingRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1906 Words   |  8 Pagesobtain their body goal, thus causing an eating disorder. An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are three types of eating disorders; which are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating.These disorders affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their psychological, emotional, and physical health. There are many factors that contribute to individuals developing eating disorders including: genetics, family pressuresRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1573 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects people called an â€Å"eating disorder.† Why did you choose this topic? I chose this topic because it is a very prevalent issue in our society today, and a close friend of mine is suffering from an eating disorder. What question(s) did you want to answer or what was your hypothesis regarding this topic? As mammals, there is no chance of escaping the need to consume food in everyday life. However, when it comes to food there can be a major concern of eating too much or eating too little. Doing eitherRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mimms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder966 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Many people, both women and men of all ages, suffer from the psychological disorder, eating. Up to thirty million people in the world suffer from some kind of an eating disorder. There a two types of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, and have several methods of treatment. What is an eating disorder, and what do they cause? Eating disorders are maladaptive and very serious interruptions in eating. They can come in the form of overeating, or not eating enough, they are oftenRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesAn eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amount of food, but as some point, the urge to eat less or more has gotten out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and a binge-eatingRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder2461 Words   |  10 PagesEating Disorders Even though eating disorders are less prevalent in society today than they have been in the past, they are still one of the most diagnosed mental illnesses today. These three illnesses have short term as well as long term effects that can leave a damaging toll on the patients’ lives and are very hard to overcome. This is shown through not only the characteristics of Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating Disease, but also through the psychological and physical harm theseRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1031 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The eating disorder is a very jealous and abusive partner. It requires a lot of devotion in the extent that you have to devote yourself to tending to the anorexia. There s not a lot of time left over for adult life,† was stated by Dr. Doug Bunnell, a specialist in eating disorders. Eating disorders effect a variety of people. Age, race, and gender aren’t role playing keys in eating disorders. Not everyone gets an eating disorder, but if they do then, it will more than likely destroy their livesRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesabout you. Benji I suspect you have an eating disorder.in particular, anorexia. An eating disorder is a psychological disorder that interferes with peoples eating habits. Eating disorders falls under the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder category. Eating disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. Over 10 million women and 10 million men suffer from an eating disorder. But, Anorexia Nervosa is more common among Caucasians. Eating disorders impacts women everyday by inaccurately depicting

Leadership Motivation and Friedman free essay sample

?Question #1: Which University of Iowa, Michigan, and Ohio State leadership style does Art Friedman use? Is there more than one? Art uses the democratic, high employee centered, and low structure high consideration leadership styles. Friedman meets the criteria for all three of the leadership behaviors listed above by allowing employees to make decisions that will impact the company, meeting their personal needs, and communicating with them to develop trust, support, and respect, while keeping their best welfare in mind. He allows his employee’s the ability to create their own schedules, view the company as their own, determine their pay, and shows his trust, by allowing them to borrow money from the petty cash system when needed. Question #2: Which specific motivation level, factor, and need (from the content motivation theories) apply to Friedman Microwave Ovens? Franchisee are on the self-actualization Hierarchy of needs level, Art uses motivators (two-factor theory) , and Art gives franchisees power to achieve high levels of success (acquired need theory). We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Motivation and Friedman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He believed that his employees were not motivated, so he implemented changes. He has provided an environment that motivates his employees by allowing them to determine their own wages, fringe benefits (when they take time off), and creating their own work schedules. He also gives them the ability to provide their own job security and working conditions, based on their ability to manage their own work, hours, and time off. Friedman’s techniques for motivating his employees created an increase in their productivity to earn the raises the employees deemed fit for themselves. He did not experience a problem with under or overstaffing, and has indicated â€Å"It did work, it still works, and it will always work! † Question #3: Do equity and expectancy theory apply to this case? Explain. Yes, franchisees are treated equitably as they are their own boss and earnings are based on their performance. Franchisees can also set their own goal, which they believe they can meet (expectancy), realizing they will get the revenues (instrumentality), and the goals can be of valance to them. I believe that both equity and expectancy theories apply to this case. The text states, that Equity Theory proposes â€Å"people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs†. Friedman uses this theory to motivate his employees by allowing them to determine their own pay and schedule. The text states that Expectancy Theory proposes â€Å"people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task, they will get the reward, and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort†. Friedman places responsibility on his employees by communicating that he wants them to feel the company is â€Å"ours† not â€Å"his†. The motivational technique of allowing everyone to be a boss gives them the ability to control their jobs. The rewards are worth the effort, because he allows them the flexibility to determine their own pay and hours. Q#4. Which type of reinforcement does Art use? Art uses positive reinforcement as he lets franchisees do their own thing. Friedman uses positive reinforcement in his company. Friedman provides the positive reinforcement by allowing the employees to determine their own wages and hours, as they perceive their own worth. They are allowed to give themselves pay increases and adjust or create their schedules as they see fit. He also allows them to borrow money from the petty cash system, whenever they need to. He indicated that none of the techniques he has implemented have been abused by any of his employees. He has seen productivity increase and contributes it to his business techniques. Q5: Do you know of any organizations that use any of Friedman’s or other unusual techniques? If yes, what is the organization’s name? What does it do? I do not know of any other organizations that use Friedman’s technique. The closest thing I could think of would be an independent contractor billing a business for services. They choose their rates and make their own schedules Q6: Could Friedman’s techniques work in all organizations? Explain your answer. I definitely do not think Friedman’s techniques could work in all organizations, or even most organizations for that matter. I think most businesses are too big to be able to give such a high degree of trust to their employees without anyone abusing it. I also think that people would feel more slighted and it would create office politics in regards to the pay. Q7: In a position of authority, would you use Friedman’s techniques? Which ones? I personally would not use Friedman’s techniques. I do think it sounds a little â€Å"too good to be true†. I also would not want to put myself in a position to be able to be taken advantage of. I think too many things could go wrong and you could be accused of things like favoritism. http://www. termpaperwarehouse. com/essay-on/Leadership-Ethics/180653

Management Analysis of Ecostore Sustainability and Biodegradability

Question: Describe about the Management Analysis of Ecostore for Sustainability and Biodegradability. Answer: Introduction In 1993, Malcolm Rands and wife Melanie introduced sustainable products called Ecostore in their home in New Zealand. They used organic and sustainable gardening practices on their property but realized they were still exposed to chemicals through the cleaning and body care products they were using. And then they introduced Ecostore in New Zealand. Ecostore was launched in 2009 in the USA. The company began in Meijer stores in the Midwest and started making plans to launch in the entire nation. They believed in the word of mouth marketing through building relationships with mom bloggers (Ecostore.com.au, 2016). Every ingredient used in their products is assessed for sustainability and biodegradability (Kara, Ibbotson and Kayis 2014). They try to reduce waste and use recycled and recyclable materials for packaging. For example, auto dish tab boxes are 85% recycled; water based adhesive are used to apply their labels. Ecostore products are found in 1000 stores of Australia. Initially, Ecostore moved slowly in Australia, but the brand picked up by various organic stores (Higgins, Milne, and Van Gramberg 2015). Their big break came when they met a Woolworths buyer. His wife was already using Ecostore product and wanted to buy the whole range for Woolworths. Their primary target customers are women and mothers who are on the way of motherhood. When the customers start trusting the brand, they start telling about the brand to their friends and family. The new goal of the brand is to maximize profit from Ecostore to fund Not for Profit Ventures. Ecostore provides a broad range of products for laun dry, dish, home, babies, skincare, body care, hair care (Ecostore.com.au, 2016). Sustainability theory and practice of Ecostore Ecostore Company Limited manufactures "eco-friendly" branded range of Organic products which is Green Tick Sustainability Certified for its customers and supplies it in various stores of New Zealand, Australia, USA, and Asia. Green Tick certifies that the product is sustainable. A Green Tick inside a circle means the item is environmentally good. Ecostore applied for sustainability certification in 2004, product sustainability certification of 22 personal care and household products. These certified products were given in the section of chemicals and cosmetics of Green Tick registered products. The manufacturers should provide transparent and clear information what they use in the ingredients (Harris, 2007). Utilitarianism refers to the core idea of morality is to make a better life by increasing the number of good things and decrease bad things in the world, and Consequentialism refers to producing right kind of overall scenarios which is controversial (Iep.utm.edu, 2016). Ecostore uses a mixture of recycled and recyclable materials to reduce waste for their packaging (Khalil 2014). Auto Dish tab boxes are almost recyclable. Ecostore bottles are made from High-Density Polyethylene which can be used for recycling purpose. Screw-top plastic lids of bulk containers are made from Polypropylene also used for recycling. Clear backing and labels decrease the usage of dyes and printing inks. To apply labels, a water-base adhesive is used. Ecostore manufactures only plastic trigger spray that does not contain metal parts which make it fully recyclable (Tamragundi 2016). The cleaning-grade enzymes utilized in the dishwasher detergents comes from laboratory process using the GE. Using enzymes helps in saving raw material consumption and energy and are biodegradable. Enzymes contribute to reducing the usage of chemicals and turns out to be effective cleaners. Two Ecostore products Dish Powder and Auto Dish Tablets contain third party eco-labels. Dish wash powder is Environment Choice Certified, and Dish Tabs carry the EU Flower eco-label. Carbon Capture Paks helps in reducing carbon footprint to protect the environment for future generations. The Paks are made from sugarcane plastic which is renewable and a better alternative to plastics made from petroleum that traps carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This process decreases carbon footprint and climate change, and the Paks are 100 percent recyclable. 90 percent of Sugarcane harvesting and cultivation in Brazil from the Amazon Rainforest Region and a regulatory framework of the government bans planting in those place having a high level of biodiversity (Ritter et al. 2015). Sugarcane is planted on a degraded pasteurized land which helps in recovering the soil. Sugarcane bagasse is a waste product which goes through a crushing process generating electric power to supply the ethanol production process. The crop uses organic fertilizers, and it is rain fed. The production of sugarcane is guided by a code of conduct and ensures a better quality of life to workers. Plasti cs which are not recyclable pollutes the land and the ocean (Morrison-Saunders and Pope 2013). The vision of Ecostore is zero waste and continuous innovation to make packaging more sustainable. If all the regular plastic is changed to Carbon Capture Paks in Australia then it would be equal to 575,000 vehicles removed from the road in Australia, 450,000 Australian households electricity consumption for one year, 63 million tree seedlings grown for 10 years. Ecostore can now make plastic bottles of sugarcane-based high-density polyethylene from Brazil which is 100 percent recyclable. As the renewable trap grows, it captures carbon dioxide and later stored in plastic. This helps in reducing climate change and decreases their carbon footprints. Now Ecostore will be able to save 639 tons of carbon dioxide per year after the introduction of sugarcane-based plastic. Ecostore is the first manufacturer of sugarcane-based plastic bottles and took a big step towards a sustainable future (Ecostore.com.au 2016). Organizational Behaviour Research on consumer says that products have its own value on various level. First is utilitarian value which satisfies functions and solve problems, Second is experiential value in sensing pleasure, emotional arouse and comforters. Third is, product has the ability of expressing the self-image via symbolic value. The trusts on these three values have led the researcher to adopt different levels to understand the behavior of consumption. Research on the nature of motivation of human consumption behavior can be seen as two different views. The rational view tells about economic consumer and their act of maximizing total utility of the present situations. Consumers behavior is based on the price criteria, performance and comparison. Various researchers found that this thought of motivation does not capture the emotional needs and wants of the consumer. Consumers are driven by utilitarian and functional needs as well as symbolic and expressive value. Sustainability is an area of modern science and consumers are uncertain of the knowledge. Consumers are not sure of their own action which has an effect in the environment. Consumers raise questions of "who to believe" and "how to decide how to believe". The choice-making of sustainable products becomes difficult under rational view. Other researchers think that rational view and utilitarian view will not be the basis of addressing sustainability. Hence research has to be developed sustainable consumption need from symbolic and expressive view of the consumer behavior (Aut.researchgateway.ac.nz 2016). Human Resource Management Ecostore took the decision of becoming a business which is led and guided by the marketing team consisting of six team members. It included online social marketing manager, a videographer, and community partnerships manager. The media strategy of Ecostore changed from print to Public Relations, social media, and online content. They started establishing community partnerships with doctors, health practitioners, midwives, and famous artists (Stoppress.co.nz 2012). The sales and marketing executive of Australia, Michelle has become a conscious human being towards the environment. After joining the organization, she has become conscious on usage of product packaging. She is now inclined more towards eco-friendly products. Ecostore not only focus on its customers but also focus on its employees to make earth a better planet and lead a sustainable lifestyle (Ecostore.co.au 2016). International Business Green Tick Certification became a part of the promotional campaign of Ecostore and gave financial results making a record since May 2005. Double sales were also achieved in various product ranges. Sales and marketing data were collected during the first six months reported in October 2005. Ecostore sells around 200 personal care and household items in New Zealand, Australia, USA, Korea, Japan and online Ecostore website. It is currently working on expanding its sales in the rest of Asia, Middle East, and Europe. Green Tick Certification is still being promoted in the campaigns of International market (Ecostore.com.au 2016). Technological Management Ecostore use trusted international resources like Environmental Working Group Cosmetic Database to help find the safety and health effect of all ingredients. A comparative assessment of components is done on each and every product against 427 competitors to get safer ratings for people's health. Ecostore use information from the US-based Environmental Working Group Skin Deep Website giving a "Hazard Score" to every ingredient. Environmental Working Group creates a database of regulatory status, chemical hazards, and study availability to check health risk for household ingredients. The ingredients used by Ecostore in every category have a little-moderate-high risk score compared to the ingredients used by other brands. Any elements rated 3 or above are classified between moderate to high hazard also mentioning the ingredients linkage with reproductive toxins, allergies, cancer. Ecostore products are safe compared to other brands. They are continuously developing, replacing and improv ing their components to keep track on innovation and safety. Eco-science is growing rapidly; hence improvements are being made in the products. The central value of the firm is a continuous improvement (Ecostore.com.au, 2016). Analysis of Entrepreneurship and Innovation by Malcolm Rands Malcolm Rands and Melanie moved in together and built six houses on a 150-acre land clustering together to form a living community called Mamaki. They call it Ecovillage since their entire project has been created to look after the property and their neighbors. The neighboring reserve in the ecovillage gave some of the purest form of water on earth and made sure that the water leaving should be as pure as the water coming into the land. The entire villagers were all organic gardeners. They did not use pesticides, fungicides, and artificial fertilizers and were sure of not making any mistake. They were all confident. But they realized the water coming out from their house and end up in the local streams. They looked at the bottle of the dishwashing liquids, shampoos, conditioners, soaps, laundry detergents and moisturizers and found they are full of chemicals which are much worse than the products they have been campaigning against on the land. The real challenge was to know the ingre dients being used in the household cleaners. These products damage the quality of land and water we use (Strengers and Maller 2014). Back in those days before the internet was introduced, people had no idea about the ingredients which were used in the body products- hair products, soaps, and moisturizers. This was their moment of an idea. They realized if it is difficult for them to do the household work without damaging the nature then it would be difficult for others too. If they are interested and ready to use sustainable products, then the rest of the world is also available. These are essential household products. This led Malcolm and Melanie to start a business together specializing in these products and gave birth to Ecostore. The roots of Ecostore are present in Mamaki, but the branches are in the supermarkets of New Zealand, Australia, USA and some parts of Asia where customers shop the most. Ecostore started as a mail-order business and started collecting products which were best for a healthy and Green lifestyle. Melanie used to work late at night. They began getting feedbacks from their customers about how their eczema cleared up; their rashes got removed, stopped sneezing and asthma problem decreased after using their products. This was a significant achievement for them and got another idea. They also realized that petrochemical cleaners were bad for both the human health and environment. (Rands, 2013) Conclusion The founders have now moved their business to Auckland and manufacture their range of products in their factory having the highest environmental certification of any other plant in Australia (Salimzadeh, Courvisanos and Nayak 2013). The products are easily available in the supermarket. Expanding in the supermarkets of New Zealand and Australia has been one of the key focuses of their strategy. They want to make a difference to the people and planet. Ecostore is committed to Sustainability and Biodegradability. It is not just a business to Malcolm, and it is a way to raise fund for his not-for-profit organization, Fairground Foundation to generate profit to start projects which will help make a better world for us. Their business is based in Auckland and trying to expand overseas. Their products are present in 2000 outlets in Australia and thousands more in USA, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Their plant-based chemical free products are healthy and safe for human beings and Earth. Ecostore products are healthy for customers and have been proved safer for the environment. The packaging of the goods is done by the best materials available, and the products guarantee excellent results after its application. Buying Ecostore products help in saving money compared to the other premium brands. Every product of Ecostore is labeled with a list of ingredients used. These products are not tested on animals and are GE free. Sustainable products which are GE Free are not genetically modified content. After the product formulation passes the health and safety norms, it is sent to a laboratory to be benchmarked against the leader of the market to give the best performance. To get the best results less number of ingredients is used by following Einstein principle, the simplest solution is the most elegant (Ecostore.com.au 2016). All the ingredients used are tested for sustainability and biodegradability. If there is any doubt on the ingredients used, the founders make sure to choose an alternate component. For the best results, Ecostore uses less number of ingredients with less concentration. With a vision of committing to waste reduction, the packaging is mostly sustainable. The bottles are 100 percent recyclable made with renewable sugarcane-based plastic and laundry boxes made with 95 percent recyclable materials. People should use Ecostore because they mention a full list of ingredients used which is safer for people and planet; it gives guaranteed results to its customers, the products are not tested on the animals, and the products are GE-free (Network 2016). Some consumers bought the Ecostore sustainable products that did not have the intention of helping the environment (Bartels and Onwezen 2014). There are barriers to the purchase of sustainable products like cost, norms, and social contexts. There is a potential of increasing the consumption of sustainable products among the people who are doing their bit. A gap in the knowledge of sustainable products has been recognized. Providing sustainable education to the consumers using sustainable products can potentially grow its consumption (Moon et al. 2016). Knowledge can be attained through the use of social marketing and advertising communication encouraging more consumption (Greenfield 2016). The marketers should understand the consumers to improve their strategic decision making power like segmentation, targeting and positioning (Campbell et al. 2015). Marketing communication is not being used to its full potential for sustainable products. This will help in knowing customers perception and their expectations (Aut.researchgateway.ac.nz 2016). Reference Aut.researchgateway.ac.nz. (2016). [online] Available at: https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/1176/SooS.pdf?sequence=4 [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Bartels, J. and Onwezen, M.C., 2014. Consumers' willingness to buy products with environmental and ethical claims: the roles of social representations and social identity.International Journal of consumer studies,38(1), pp.82-89. Campbell, B., Khachatryan, H., Behe, B., Dennis, J. and Hall, C., 2015. Consumer Perceptions of Eco-friendly and Sustainable Terms.Agricultural and Resource Economics Review,44(1), pp.21-34. Ecostore.com.au. (2016).ecostore - Skincare Products and Cleaning Supplies New Zealand : ecostore Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.ecostore.com.au/ [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Greenfield, C., 2016. Communicating sustainability in the city. Harris, S.M., 2007. Does sustainability sell? Market responses to sustainability certification.Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,18(1), pp.50-60. Harris, S.M., 2007. Green Tick: an example of sustainability certification of goods and services.Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,18(2), pp.167-178. Higgins, C., Milne, M.J. and van Gramberg, B., 2015. The uptake of sustainability reporting in Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,129(2), pp.445-468. Iep.utm.edu. (2016). Utilitarianism, Act and Rule | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [online] Available at: https://www.iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/ [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Iep.utm.edu. (2016).Consequentialism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [online] Available at: https://www.iep.utm.edu/conseque/ [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Kara, S., Ibbotson, S. and Kayis, B., 2014. Sustainable product development in practice: an international survey.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,25(6), pp.848-872. Khalil, R., 2014. Recycled packaging concerns.Food Australia,66(1), p.44. Moon, S., Bergey, P.K., Bove, L.L. and Robinson, S., 2016. Message framing and individual traits in adopting innovative, sustainable products (ISPs): Evidence from biofuel adoption.Journal of Business Research,69(9), pp.3553-3560. Morrison-Saunders, A. and Pope, J., 2013. Learning by doing: sustainability assessment in Western Australia. Network, S. (2016). ecostore - Sustainable Business Directory - Sustainable Business Network. [online] Sustainable.org.nz. Available at: https://sustainable.org.nz/sustainable-business-directory/national/all/all/ecostore [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Rands, M., 2013. Ecoman- from a garage in Northland to a pioneering global brand. New Zealand: Random House NZ. Ritter, .M., Borchardt, M., Vaccaro, G.L., Pereira, G.M. and Almeida, F., 2015. Motivations for promoting the consumption of green products in an emerging country: exploring attitudes of Brazilian consumers.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, pp.507-520. Salimzadeh, P., Courvisanos, J. and Nayak, R.R., 2013, July. Sustainability in small and medium sized enterprises in regional Australia: a framework of analysis. InAnnual SEAANZ Conference Proceedings in Sydney, Australia. Stoppress.co.nz. (2012). Sustainability: Ecostore. [online] Available at: https://stoppress.co.nz/news/sustainability-ecostore [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Strengers, Y. and Maller, C., 2014.Social practices, intervention and sustainability: beyond behaviour change. Routledge. Tamragundi, M.A.K.D.M.A., 2016. Green Packaging and Eco-Labeling An Analysis of Soap Packaging Labeling by Selected FMCG Companies.Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,5(7).

Steam Distillation Sample

Steam Distillation Paper Water was largely used as a solvent. A polar solvent used was Decontaminated. The drying agent used was Calcium Chloride. An acid and a base used were hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide, respectfully. The equipment used were a thermometer holder, separators funnel, classes adapter, 3-way adapter (distillation adapter), triple neck round bottom flask, west condenser, vacuum adapter, Erlenmeyer flask, mall 50 ml beaker, Bunsen burner, rubber tubing, clamp holder extensions, and graduated cylinder. For both parts of lab 4, the heating source was the hot plate, the substances were heated in a mall Erlenmeyer flask, filtered using filter paper and a funnel tit a neck, beakers, vacuum flask for additional filtration, and an electronic scale for weighing the crystals. The solvent used for both parts was 95% Ethanol that was also dripped on the crystals for purification. Ten tablets of aspirin were used in part one. Two grams of impure benzene were used in part two. Procedure: Lab 3 involved an intricate lab with many steps. We began by obtaining 75 grams of cloves and stuffing them into our triple neck round bottom flask. We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Steam Distillation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then we poured 200 ml of water into the flask, put a stopper into 2 of the 3 necks except the middle one, and inserted a Classes adapter into that center neck. Into the Classes adapter went a separators funnel in one neck and a 3-way adapter in the other neck. The Separators funnel was filled with 50 ml of water. A thermometer and its holder were inserted atop the 3-way adapter for vapor temperature measurement. The side of the 3-way adapter was inserted into a west condenser, which itself was inserted into a vacuum adapter. The vacuum adapter was allowed to drip over an Erlenmeyer flask for collection of distillate. The entire setup was supported by clamp extensions holders attached at the neck of the triple neck round bottom flask and the vacuum adapter for axiom stability and minimal leakage of vapors. The Triple neck flask was elevated over a Bunsen burner as a heat source. The water in the triple neck flask was brought to a boil, while doing our best to keep it from foaming. The aim here was to distill 60 ml of distillate. As soon as we collected close to 30 ml of distillate we added an additional 50 ml of water into the triple neck flask from the separators funnel to keep the cloves submerged. Once the entire 60 ml of distillate was collected we needed to rid it of its water content. We transferred all of the distillate to our empty separators funnel. We added 15 l of Decontaminated to the separators funnel, inverted it (notice two layers forming), let the pressure out, and drained the organic material that was located at the bottom layer of the funnel into a separate collection beaker. This was done three times. For separate experimentation and reference of weight comparison a 5 ml sample of the not yet pure Gudgeon drawn from the collection beaker. After drying with Calcium Chloride the Decontaminated was boiled out on a hot plate, the remaining impure Gudgeon was weighed, and stored away for later experimentation. The remainder of the impure Gudgeon was treated with Sodium hydroxide to deportation the Gudgeon. This was done three times in the separators funnel adhering to the same principle of inversion and releasing the build up in pressure. However, from the two layers formed we expel the lower Decontaminated layer and kept the top aqueous layer each time. Afterward, the remainder of the depredation Gudgeon in the aqueous layer was acidified with Hydrochloric acid and tested for pH value with a piece of litmus paper. Adding 15 ml of Decontaminated three times, inverting, and draining the bottom layer each time then extracted the Gudgeon. To evaporate the Decontaminated we oiled the Gudgeon-Decontaminated mixture on a hot plate in a collection jar. The pure Gudgeon was then weighed. In part 1 of lab 4, we obtained ten tablets of aspirin to purify and 10 ml of 95% Ethanol to be our solvent. The tablets and Ethanol were mixed in an Erlenmeyer flask and heated until a gentle boil. The contents were then swirled to prevent bumping and promote even dissolving. We aimed for a clear liquid with white solid matter floating. As soon as this was achieved the contents of the flask was filtered through a funnel with a neck into a small beaker and allowed to cool to room temperature. While filtering we kept in mind not to allow any of the floating solid into the filtrate. In the process of cooling we watched out for crystallization. Once the beaker cooled to room temperature, to speed the process of crystallization, the beaker was immersed into an ice bath. After a few minutes, we believed the crystallization was at its maximum. We filtered out the crystals and allowed them to dry atop a vacuum flask on filter paper in a funnel. Air was continuously sucked out to promote drying. To aid the drying process the crystals were washed with drips of ethanol and evenly distributed across the liter paper with a spatula. After a wait time of around 10 minutes, we scraped the dry crystals of the filter paper and weighed them. All utensils were cleaned and made ready for part 2 of lab 4. In part 2 of lab 4, we had a similar process with some difference in solutes. We obtained 2. 0 grams of impure benzene and mixed it with 10 ml of Ethanol. The exact same process in part 1 was repeated in part 2. However, our aim in part 2 was to see a clear liquid with black powder floating, unlike that of part 1 . An additional difference was that we saved our crystals in part 2 for further experimentation at a later time. Class notes: Steam distillation is an ideal method when using two compounds that are immiscible (i. . , water oil or Benzene water). Benzene being the organic solvent that is non-polar and water the inorganic solvent that is polar, creates a dilemma since the two can-not be mixed together. When vaporizing something the vapor pressure must equal the applied pressure. This results in liquid turning to gas. If two immiscible compounds have the same vapor pressure then they will have the same boiling poin t. Another example would be water naphthalene, in which water depresses naphthalenes boiling point. When water boils it creates steam. This steam can be used to pick up particles. One can use steam distillation to pick up immiscible compounds. In our case, the solvent is water and the solutes are the cloves (potentially Gudgeon oil). Gudgeon oil can be used as an anesthetic. To release the contents of the cloves we can boil them. We can implement the Gaffing principle of heating the hell out of it. When a cell is heated at extreme temperatures it will else, resulting in the release of its inner contents. Gudgeon is an organic molecule consisting of a benzene ring, hydroxyl group, and methyl group for the most part. In addition, it is a derivative of phenol. The cloves also contain the derivative of Gudgeon, which is Acetic Gudgeon. Gudgeon has a very sharp boiling point of 255 degrees centigrade. One can purify a solid by the process of crystallization. To begin the process of crystallization, pick a solvent that will not dissolve the chosen solute at room temperature, but only when the solvent ; solute mixture is brought to a boil (reflux). Some common examples of solvents used with different boiling points are Ethanol, Citronella, Hexane, and Toluene. One should try to avoid water as a solvent due to its inorganic ; polar properties. A property desired from a solute is not to dissolve at room temperature, but only in a refluxing solvent. If the solute is not dissolving, gradually add more solvent to the refluxing mixture. Once no more solute is visible in the mixture that is a good indicator that it has all dissolved. Sometimes after the solute has dissolved there might be some contents still visible and floating in the solvent. These would normally be known as impurities (ex. Charcoal). Organic compounds are usually colorless or yellow. To rid the solvent of unnecessary impurities, one should quickly filter the mixture as soon as the solute has disappeared (dissolved). After filtration, one can promote crystallization by allowing the mixture to cool to room temperature. If there are not too many crystals visible at room temperature, one can place the solvent in an ice bath to aid the process. The crystals can be obtained by simply filtering them out of the solvent. Ethanol is great for washing and drying the crystals, since it will not dissolve them at room temperature. Our solutes in this lab are Aspirin and impure Benzene. An active ingredient in Aspirin is Ecstatically acid and the inactive ingredient is binder. Aspirin will not dissolve in Ethanol at room temperature. However, if one should bring Ethanol to a reflux, aspirin can be dissolved. Once aspirin is dissolved it will leave behind its binder floating. Binder should be filtered out. Each tablet of aspirin contains 325 MGM of active ingredient. We shall use 10 tablets, equating in ideal conditions to a 100% yield of 3. 25 grams. When using impure Benzene, Ethanol can be the solvent too. When Ethanol is brought to a reflux, the Benzene will dissolve and leave behind TTS impurities. The impurities remaining are charcoal due to the black color of the floating residue. The impurities are easily filtered out with a funnel and filter paper. Observations: In the steam distillation lab, our first observation was the color the water ; clove mixture when brought to a reflux. The mixture turned a dark brown color. Then once the distillation process was underway, we witnessed the distillate collected had a white milky substance floating. The milky substance was oil and the rest was water. We added Decontaminated to the mixture and noticed the oily layer separated from the water. The organic layer that contained the oil descended to the bottom and the inorganic layer rose to the top. Once we extracted the organic layer, we wanted to dry it with Calcium Chloride. This process yielded white particles resembling little Styrofoam specks floating on the surface of our organic extract. After extracting the chemically dried mixture and boiling out the Decontaminated, we treated the mixture with Sodium hydroxide. This reaction yielded two layers. The two layers consisted of Decontaminated on the bottom and an aqueous oily white layer on the top. We acidified the engaging aqueous oily layer with Hydrochloric acid and tested the pH level with litmus paper that turned pink. Once again the mixture was treated with Decontaminated, separating the contents into two layers. We extracted the organic layer and boiled out the Decontaminated yielding a yellow thin film of Gudgeon oil. In the crystallization lab, our first observation was the milky liquid that appeared once the aspirin began to dissolve in the refluxing Ethanol. Once all the aspirin dissolved, white binder residue remained floating. The binder was then filtered out, leaving behind a clear liquid. Crystallization began once the liquid started approaching room temperature. The greatest noticeable proliferation of crystals was when the mixture was placed in an ice bath. When the crystals were filtered out of solution they appeared white in color. As for the impure benzene crystallization, we observed dark impurities (charcoal) floating on the surface of the solution. Once the impurities were filtered out, we noticed a yellow clear liquid remaining. The crystals extracted by filtration from the yellowish liquid were yellow themselves. Results: 75 grams of cloves yielded . 05 grams of pure Gudgeon oil. 0 tablets of Aspirin totaling to 3. 25 grams of Ecstatically acid gave us a yield of . 94 grams. 2. 02 grams of impure Benzene gave us a yield of . 03 grams of pure benzene. Discussion: Through steam distillation, 75 grams of cloves (potential Gudgeon oil) gave us a yield of . 05 grams of Gudgeon oil. This creates a question in our mind. How come our yield was so minute? A few factors could come into play that would diminish our yield capacity. Factors such as a lack of control and impure chemicals used. The lack of control in particular would be poorly fastened joints or leaky hermetic holders allowing the escape of vapors, no vacuum-sealed system to protect the experiment from temperature fluctuation, impure glassware that could potentially contaminate the experiment, the poor reflux of the water/clove mixture resulting in the reduced pickup of Gudgeon by the vapor particles, and a poorly calibrated weighing apparatus. Impure chemicals such as reagents and solvents can play a factor in the pure isolation of Gudgeon from the cloves too. Impure Calcium Chloride would impede the drying process, Decontaminated would not separate enough Gudgeon out of the water, Sodium Hydroxide would to deportation enough Gudgeon, and Hydrochloric acid would not acidify enough back for Decontaminated to separate. In the crystallization experiments, 10 tablets of aspirin gave us . 4 grams that seemed like an extremely minute amount compared to the ideal 3. 25 grams we could have isolated in a perfect experiment. In the crystallization of Benzene, from the 2. 0 grams of impure Benzene we isolated only . 03 grams. We begin to wonder what could have gone wrong. Once again, a lack of control and impure chemicals used seemed to be the perfect suspects in our poor results. Some aspects of a ace of control would be not enough desired solute dissolving with our solvent, non- dissolved solute being filtered out with our residue of impurities, during filtration crystallization might have occurred causing crystals to be filtered out of the solution, room temperature might have been too low, which caused a rapid temperature drop that trapped impurities, and parts of the crystals might have been lost during the drying process within the vacuum flask. Lastly, the solutes or solvents used might not have been entirely pure resulting in poor isolation of our desired substances.

Biological Components of Mental Illness Essay Example

Biological Components of Mental Illness Essay Example Biological Components of Mental Illness Paper Biological Components of Mental Illness Paper Mental illness is a term used to describe many different disorders of the mind. Of all the factors that may cause or contribute to mental illness, the biological components are among the most accepted. It is the basis of much of the treatments used to combat and treat mental illness. This does not mean all mental illness can be explained by biological means but a vast majority can be traced to some type of biological component. Contrary to what many people believe, alcohol and drugs do not cause someone to be biologically vulnerable to mental illness. Drugs and alcohol can, however, trigger or exacerbate the symptoms in someone who already is biologically predisposed. There are many different biological components to mental illness: Genetics-susceptibility to mental illness is passed though the genes. Infections or Toxins- syphilis and lead have both been proven to damage the brain. Brain defects or injury- These can be at birth or through accident and are on certain parts of the brain. Prenatal damage-such as lack of oxygen or distruption of brain development while in the womb. Poor nutrition and neglect during the formative years can also have an effect on the brain’s development or manner of processing information. Outside events can sometimes cause changes in the brain to cause someone to be biologically vulnerable to mental illness. Trauma such as abuse or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can cause changes in the brain, as well. It may be in the way the brain develops or the way it processes information, but these changes can lead to mental illness in many people. In the nineteenth century, as progress was made in understanding medical disorders in terms of physical pathology, abnormal behaviour was viewed as reflecting brain pathology. A key discovery was the identification in 1913 of the microorganism Treponema pallidum as the cause of syphilis (and thus general paresis of the insane), supporting the theory of biological causes of mental illness.   (Freeman, 1999, p. 173) Certain infections have been linked to brain damage and the development of mental illness or the worsening of its symptoms. For example, a condition known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder (PANDA) associated with the Streptococcus bacteria has been linked to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder and other mental illnesses in children. Genetic factor studies have indicated trophic factors are proteins that stimulate growth, activity, and survival. Neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were first noted for their ability to promote growth and survival in neurons during early development. However, neurotrophic factors are now known to play an active role in the adult brain, and to have an effect on a variety of more subtle cellular functions aside from cell survival. BDNF itself is now assumed to be involved in a variety of brain functions, including memory formation and affective state. (Fisher Greenberg, 1989, p. 45)

Outsourcing Federal Healthcare (Operations Management) 2 Assignment

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